![]() The Nanggala's demise is still under investigation. In the case of the Nanggala, what happened may have been the exact opposite of what occurred with the Soviet submarine in the Strait of Gibraltar in the 1980s – instead of an internal wave causing the submarine to hurtle toward the surface, the Indonesian vessel may have been pushed much deeper than it was designed to safely operate. "In the South China Sea, internal wave amplitudes can be about 100 meters (330 feet)." The waves "are generated over steep topography due to the surface tides," he tells NPR. "Some internal waves can have large amplitudes and they can displace submarines," he says. Maarten Buijsman, a marine scientist at the University of Southern Mississippi, agrees that it's possible that an internal wave could have caused the sinking of the Nanggala. ![]() The collision is thought to have been caused by an internal wave that unexpectedly thrust the submarine toward the surface. At the height of the Cold War in 1984, a Soviet submarine that was apparently running beneath a tanker to mask its exit from the Strait suddenly smashed into the tanker's hull, causing damage to both vessels and forcing the submarine to surface.
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